crossed with print and rotary presses, yields the modern 
newspaper. And the photograph is not a machine, but a 
chemical and light process that, crossed with the machine, 
yields the movie. Yet there is a vigor and violence in these 
hybrid forms that is self-liquidating, as it were. For in radio and 
TV—purely electric forms from which the mechanical principle 
has been excluded—there is an altogether new relation of the 
medium to its users. This is a relation of high participation and 
involvement that, for good or ill, no mechanism had ever 
evoked.

     Education is ideally civil defense against media fall-out. 
Yet Western man has had, so far, no education or equipment 
for meeting any of the new media on their own terms. Literate 
man is not only numb and vague in the presence of film or 
photo, but he intensifies his ineptness by a defensive arrogance